Online Marketing Research Proposal Writing Tips

Online Marketing Research Proposal Writing Tips Would you ever decide to start your own business without business plan? If you are responsible enough, you have definitely said â€Å"no† to the question. Businessmen are really careful when the question is about spending marketing dollars, but the truth is that sometimes they do not pay due attention to the effective marketing research. When you need to deal with the marketing research proposal writing, make sure to follow simple tips mentioned below while planning the project. Aims and Objectives When working on this section, ensure to include the basic goals of the marketing research. Also, remember to provide specific objectives of the project. Your number one task is to explain the value of the research that you are going to conduct, stating why exactly your proposal should be approved and mentioning all useful and positive results and gains your research will bring. Magnified Market Research word illustration on white background. Framework Analysis Although this part of the marketing research proposal is tightly linked with the objectives and aims section, it must be more concentrated on depth of the background circumstances that indicate the reasons why the certain marketing research project is actually proposed. While the objectives and aims of the paper provide descriptions for the specific research outcomes, the framework analysis segment must show the practical standpoint of these outcomes. The author is required to provide information from trustworthy sources on the topic he is researching. Then one can demonstrate the certain need for the proposed research plan. Hypothesis As a rule, hypothesis includes only a couple of sentences and provides the reader with an overview of the research possible outcomes. Data Collection Make use this very part of marketing research proposal in order to provide a thorough description for each of the data collection methods that you are going to use during the research phase. Feel free to address the overall strategy or the methods of the individual data collection. As a rule, they include such methods as social networking research, focus groups, in-home tests, etc. Make sure to be clear and specific about every method. The thing is that the more detailed the section will be, the more chances you will have to see your proposal accepted. Research Methods This is where you can talk about the research methods merits. Make sure to discuss the implications of every data collection method, as well as to explain all the methods that you are going to use in order to interpret information. Besides, you will also need to discuss the means used to evaluate all data that has been collected. Budget Timeline This very segment must detail the timeline that your project research will follow. In order to get your proposal approved, make sure to pay due attention to the specifics. Provide a short and realistic budget projection for your marketing research proposal. Ethical Considerations These issues are highly crucial for any research. This is the section that you should use to delineate each of the ways that your research will abide by the ethical code in practice and method. Plus, among the rest of the responsibilities, address factors like data security, privacy, confidentiality and research participants consent. At AdvancedWriters.com you have a great opportunity to get professional research proposal help from highly qualified academic experts. Check it out!

The Hunger Games Research Essay - 935 Words

In The Hunger Games, Suzanne Collins expresses two themes. The first one is that we can’t let the government use their power to treat, and use people like they want, they are oppressing them. â€Å"At one o’clock, we head of the square. Attendance is mandatory unless you are on deaths door. This evening, officials will come around and check to see if this is the case. If not you will be imprisoned.† (Collins, 16) we can see that the Capitol forces the people to participate in the reaping by threatening them. â€Å"When I was younger, I scared my mother to death, the things I would blurt out about District 12, about the people who rule our country, Panem, from the far-off city called the Capitol. Eventually I understood this would only lead us to†¦show more content†¦During the game Katniss have to pretend that she loves Peeta, but inside she knows that her real love was Gale and that he was waiting for her. It was hard for all of them because Gale was o utside seeing how Peeta kiss his girlfriend, and for Peeta because he knows that Katniss was in love with another boy and not of him, and to Katniss because maybe she was with Gale, but passing time with Peeta and look how he tries to saved her life make her get confused about her feelings so she focused in what is good for her, and not of what she real want. The author communicates the important message by using some literary devices, for example she used verbal irony when Peeta say, â€Å"Always worried about our safety.â€Å" (Collins, 81) It was sarcastic because he was talking with Katniss about what happens if they try to suicide from the top of the building, but they can’t because the Capitol want them to be alive for the game. The Hunger Games deal with oppression by many ways. â€Å"It’s time for the drawing. Effie Trinket says as she always does, â€Å"Ladies first!† and crosses to the glass ball with the girls’ names. She reaches in, digs her hand deep into the ball, and pulls out a slip of paper.â€Å" (Collins, 28) The government oppresses the people of the Seam because they were condemned to play the Hunger Games every year to get some food to live. People suffer becauseShow MoreRelatedThe Hunger Games By Suzanne Collin899 Words   |  4 Pages Suzanne Collin’s â€Å"Hunger Games† seems to be about a dystopian society struggle to become a utopia. However, when the readers read further in to the book or watches the movie one can see that is about all the characters that make use human. As human, we feel the need to build an ethical framework based on our needs for authority rather than tradition. The Capitol in the Hunger Games exploits human needs to keep authority in place. After rising seas and poverty consumed much of the land, the CapitolRead MoreThe Hunger Games By George Henry George1296 Words   |  6 Pagesmeaning of this quote is that things work better when there is equality, and this relates to The Hunger Games theme of inequality between the poor and the rich. As seen in The Hunger Games, anyone who didn t live in the capital was living in poverty. The only way to get out of poverty was to win The Hunger Games. The importance of this research paper is to show how the themes are presented in The Hunger Games. The themes that can be found in the story are the inequality between the poor and the richRead MoreThe Hunger Games And The Greek Myth Of Theseus1030 Words   |  5 PagesResearch Paper Final Draft: President V.S. Minotaur In both the Hunger Games and the Greek myth of Theseus and the Minotaur, children were used as sacrifices to make the Capitol and/or Minotaur seem unbeatable. Children were offered as sacrifices to make the Capitol/Minotaur seem unbeatable. In the Greek myth of Theseus and the Minotaur as punishment for displeasing Crete, seven youths and seven maidens were periodically sent into a labyrinth containing a Minotaur which was half man and halfRead MoreHow Is Gender Portrayed In The Hunger Games Trilogy By Suzanne Collins1096 Words   |  5 PagesThe proposed dissertation will explore the question â€Å"How is gender portrayed in the Hunger Games trilogy by Suzanne Collins?†. It will answer this by exploring how the genders of the main characters are portrayed in the Hunger Games trilogy compare to Susan Lehr’s definitions of what traditional gender roles are often defined as in children’s literature. Her definitions describe males â€Å"†¦ as active, loud, aggressive, unemotional, independent, less mature than girls, strong, handsome, bold, curiousRead MoreThe Hunger Games By Suzanne Collins1632 Words   |  7 PagesTaylorAnne Brown Professor Lawson English 102 31 May 2016 Research Paper: Final Draft Word Count: 1142 Behind the Power: Panem’s Ideology How and why does Panem’s government oppress its citizens while keeping complete control? The â€Å"Hunger Games† by Suzanne Collins is a dystopian novel with an extremely corrupt government that controls the citizens with the District system. The corrupt government in â€Å"The Hunger Games† finds various ways to suppress Panem’s occupants, including but not limited toRead MoreLiterary Criticism : The Hunger Games 1460 Words   |  6 PagesYvette Escobedo 26 May 2016 English 102 #0304 Literary Criticism Research Paper Word Count: Survival through Gender Is it wrong for women to be strong and independent or is that a job for men? Not every female character is vulnerable and needs saving by a strong male character. Females containing strong and brave traits are not very welcomed in many different stories and are usually seen as a rebel. In today’s modern day literature, there are more novels with strong female characters, but areRead MoreGeorge Gerbner Communication Theory1183 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"George Gerbner is one of the great pioneers in the field of communication research. He was born in 1919 in Budapest, Hungary and emigrated to the United States during World War II to avoid the violence of the war. He enrolled in Berkeley University in California and received his Bachelors in Journalism. He later went to school in Southern California and received his PhD in Communication in 1955. The following year, he began to develop communication models that stressed the dynamic nature of communicationRead MoreThe Use Of Adaptive Pressure On Our Memory1485 Words   |  6 Pagespressures on our memory, have just began to be studied further by memory researchers. Scholars have attempted to study how our current memory processing capabilities could have been tailored to achieve specific outcomes from our instinctual past. This research could be a window into empirical findings that may challenge existing perspectives on retention. Possibly, even help foster creative memory mnemonics that could assist us in our daily lives, where memory is concerned. A level of processing is describedRead MoreThe Wisconsin Food Bank696 Words   |  3 Pages Its a reality. In September, designated as Hunger Action Month, were asking our supporters to experience that reality for one week. Called the Hunger Games Challenge, participants are asked to live as if they are on food stamps, now known as the federal Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program. Nearly 11 percent of people living in Wisconsin depend on food stamps to put food on their tables, according to the latest report from the Food Research and Action Center. The program helps people andRead MoreAnalysis of Fahrenheit 451 and Hunger Games Essay1180 Words   |  5 PagesLiterature seems to run along the same guidelines in terms of how the novels are set, and follow a similar chain of events leading to a great bittersweet climactic event. I will detail the similarities between the two novels Fahrenheit 451 and The Hunger Games. There is a reason behind the similarities of these two novels, and other dystopian literature. â€Å"The merits of dystopian literature are many.† (Erlich) In the novel Fahrenheit 451, the society the main character, Montag lives in is very oppressive

My Family, My Little Brother, My Hero Essay - 574 Words

Ever thought about what a hero stands for or who heroes are? I have. I was challenged a week ago to come up with my hero for an English paper. After countless, antagonizing hours pondering the true meaning of this topic, I know what the word hero stands for. A hero is a person you look up to, someone who is honorable, benevolent, and hardworking. This person will battle evil everyday. This evil may be causing the world to end, or just the world as he knows it. I know a person who personifies all of these characteristics, thus making him my hero. My hero is my thirteen-year-old little brother Sam. I know people may call me crazy for naming a thirteen-year-old boy, let alone my little brother, my hero, but Sam contains the kindest and†¦show more content†¦Sam cried, begged, pleaded, and even got down on his knees while asking my parents for a dog. When my parents finally conceded, Sam jumped for joy, and we brought Sean home immediately. Sam possesses this extreme kindness an d willingness to help others that I find wonderful. It is one of the main reasons I admire him and an example that I attempt to conduct myself by. Although I admire Sam’s humility and kindness, I admire most his perseverance and overcoming all obstacles set in his path. Sam was born without vision in his left eye. Before a child is born, the blood vessels that form his or her eyes dissolve. However, in Sam’s case, the blood vessel in the left eye did not dissolve and instead formed a stalk covering his retina. At the moment, the loss of his sight is immutable. Surgeries have become possible to remove the stalk, however, they are exceedingly adverse and his sight cannot be recovered. Sam does not let this condition stop him from doing, and excelling, at everything. According to medical science, Sam should not be able to play sports such as baseball and tennis due to his lack of depth perception. Nevertheless, Sam excels at these sports as well as many others and receive s accolades for his performance. To the eye, Sam is a normal thirteen-year-old boy, but this is a result of tons of hard wok. The overcoming of these many obstacles and the hard work he hasShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Michael Harvey s The Hero Essay1118 Words   |  5 Pagesthink of a hero, I think of someone who is not only mentally strong, but has the endurance to go the distance. We all have has some heroes in our lives. Just ask any kid these days who their hero is. I am sure you will hear a familiar name such as, Superman, Spiderman, Ironman and the most recent one my son says is the Avengers. They are the best superhero in the world, but I say to my son what about all the hero that are no on the TV. He looks at me like I have lost my mind. I look at the hero, and IRead MoreMy Mom Shehnaz Soni Is An Everyday Hero946 Words   |  4 Pagessuperman, but a hero can be anyone. A hero can be an average person doing something good like picking up someone’s wallet when you have dropped it. Another example would be someone who fights crime and fights fire. These everyday unsung heroes generally do these things because they have good intentions, even if it is for little reward or fame. I have a close family member who bears the qualities needed to be an everyday unsung hero. My Mom Shehnaz Soni is an everyday, unsung hero because she hasRead MoreMy Mom Is My Hero992 Words   |  4 Pagesand everyone has a different hero. Some people’s heros may be someone famous or someone in a book. My hero just happens to be my mother, Naomi Peterson. She raised me and continues to raise me into the person I am and the person I am becoming. She taught me from a very young age how to be a hard worker and to help others. For obvi ous reasons she is my idol and hero. When I think about the qualities of a hero, I think of someone who is courageous, loving, and selfless. My mom is all of these and moreRead MoreA True Hero : Martin Luther King Jr.1001 Words   |  5 PagesA hero is arguably one of the most important sparks in an individual’s life. These heroes come from an array of places whether it be books, movies, or reality. Similarly, the definition of a true hero can vary from person to person. Some individuals define a hero as fictional character who is invincible, dresses in a cape, or can fly. Others even define a hero as a member of the military. Many people around the world have heroes however, the definition of a hero to me is not a man in a cape but realRead MoreMy Grandpam My Grandma, My Best Friend1230 Words   |  5 Pages My grandma was, and is, my best friend as well as my hero. Ever since I was little my fondest memories have always been about my grandma and the countless hours we’d spend together. We’d do everything from playing card games, to matching socks, to cutting up melons for the whole family to eat on a hot summer day. From an early age I always knew that she was my hero, but I never really thought about what that meant. My grandma was my hero for many reasons. She never, ever let me forget how lovedRead MoreThe Hero Of Jesus Christ1100 Words   |  5 Pageshave a hero they admire and strive to be like. Often these heroes are people such as athletes, celebrities, world leaders, and family members. These ordinary people become heroes because of desirable attributes they exhibit. These characteristics are ones that people can relate to, characteristics that give birth to a desire to elevate oneself to be a hero to others. Such is my hero. My hero was born long ago to two devoted parents that loved him dearly. Life was not easy for him or his family; neverthelessRead MoreThe Character of Don John in William Shakespeares Much Ado About Nothing827 Words   |  4 Pagesillegitimate brother of Don Pedro, causes most of this upset and trouble. Don Pedro is an important nobleman from Aragon. He is a long-time friend of Leonato and is also close to the soldiers that have been fighting under him (the younger Benedick and the very young Claudio). Don Johns first words suggest he is socially isolated and emotionally cold. I thank you, I am not of many words, but I thank you. After Leonato and his family had welcomed the smallRead MoreEssay on My Hero, My Grandpa1681 Words   |  7 PagesMy Hero, My Grandpa I have so many memories of my hero, my grandpa, but a few stick out in my mind. Ever since I can remember, my grandpa always wore the slippers. He wore shoes too, but at the Sunday dinners at my grandparent?s house, he always wore those slippers. I could hear him as he gently shuffled his way across the hardwood floor and came out of the kitchen to give us all hugs and kisses. The suede slippers were the color of coffee with a dash of cream to lighten them up. On theRead MoreWhat Makes Someone A Criminal?1461 Words   |  6 Pagesone in the communities eyes. Brotherly Love is a movie about a star basketball player named sergio and his friends and family. June is the oldest brother of his siblings and he takes care of them. In the laws eyes he is a criminal but in the eyes of the community and to his family he is just someone who is taking care of his family the only way he knows how. June is an outlaw hero for many reasons such as his age, looks, and his lack of care for laws. Brotherly Love is a movie about a the numberRead MoreLove Is Patient. I Was Raised In A Highly Religious Family.1022 Words   |  5 PagesLove is Patient I was raised in a highly religious family. I have attended church every Sunday morning, Sunday night, and Wednesday night since the Sunday after I was born. I was always taught that faith, hope, and love were the three cardinal virtues of my entire life. In 1 Corinthians 13:4-8, we are told, â€Å"Love is patient, love is kind. It does not envy, it does not boast, it is not proud. It does not dishonor others, it is not self-seeking, it is not easily angered, it keeps no record of wrongs

Integrated Processes of Anaerobic Digestion †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Integrated Processes of Anaerobic Digestion. Answer: Introdcution: The several essentials of the state art were to deal with the WTE that includes the different technologies that deals with the gasification, combustion and the anaerobic digestion. I need to solve the different dilemma related to the waste management, emission of the green house and energy demand. I have understood the successful lessons on the supply chain that has a green pellet that makes a heating supply of the of the wastes that may be used for the production of the bio gas. I have seen the policy makers to address the concerns of the public that deals primarily with the implementation and the promulgation of the strategies based on supply chain management. In order to encounter the barriers there is a need for the financial, technological and the various institutional and the regulatory aspects that when added in the list of the opportunities creates an informational dissemination (Cucchiella, DAdamo and Gastaldi 2014). It is evident that the anaerobic digestion of the plant is based on the residues that are converted into digestate and the biogas. A thorough investigation reveals that the feasibility is to combine the pyrolysis process and the anaerobic digestion that might increases the level of the energy recovery. The pyrolysis products yield the biochar that I have found through the findings from the other relevant studies of the investigated pyrolysis and their digestion. There is a need to balance the energy in the coupled anaerobic digestion that is based primarily on the pyrolysis process. Utilization of the liquid biofuels and the gas has been eventually derived from the digestate pyrolysis that has an electrical production that can be achieved by adding with it the AD (Feng and Lin 2017). The hybrid results in the system that has been revealed has eventually helped me to understand the different pyrolysis of the oil that needs to be increased in order to make the comparison stand out. Reference Cucchiella, F., DAdamo, I. and Gastaldi, M., 2014. Sustainable management of waste-to-energy facilities. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 33, pp.719-728. Feng, Q. and Lin, Y., 2017. Integrated processes of anaerobic digestion and pyrolysis for higher bioenergy recovery from lignocellulosic biomass: A brief review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews.

Travel and adventures of jose rizal free essay sample

Jose Rizal is the most traveled Filipino hero in history. The travel and adventure of Jose Rizal are an important facet of his education and sophistication through which he learned the culture and politics of other countries. Rizal’s first trip abroad was on 1882 bound for Spain. The travel story of Jose Rizal constitutes part of his struggle to bring changes in his native land. Singapore The first stop over of Rizal on his way to Spain is Singapore, which he spent for sightseeing the city including its famed Botanical Garden, Buddhist temples, the monument of Sir Thomas Stanford Raffles, the founder of Singapore. Colombo, Sri Lanka It was Rizal’s journey to Colombo, Sri Lanka that was important for him to improve his knowledge of the French language while on board a French ship, Djemnah. Egypt En route through the Suez Canal, Rizal got off at the Red Sea terminal and was amazed by the impressive moonlight scenery in Suez and was engrossed with the multicultural people and language of the place. We will write a custom essay sample on Travel and adventures of jose rizal or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Italy Rizal reached Naples, Italy and was briefly astounded by its dynamic citizens and the picturesque wonders of the municipality particularly the Mount Vesuvius and the Castle of St. Telmo France Rizal arrived at France for the first time at Marseilles, where he visited the Chateau d’lf, the fortress famous as the setting for Alexandre Dumas’ The Count of Monte Cristo. Spain He arrived Barcelona, Spain where he met some Filipinos. He also made his first nationalistic essay he wrote abroad, â€Å"Amor Patrio† which was later published in Diarong Tagalog. He left Barcelona for Madrid, to pursue his medical studies in the Universidad Central de Madrid. He also took courses in Philosophy and Letters and took French, German, and English lessons from private tutors. France On 1883, Rizal visited the French capital of France of France, where he was fascinated by its architectural wonders (e. g. Place de la Concorde and the Arch of Triumph). He visited the Leannec Hospital to observe and became an apprentice of Dr. Louis de Weckert to specialized in ophthalmology He also joined Free Masonry and was impressed with the freedom they enjoyed in openly criticizing the government. Germany In Heiderlberg, Rizal worked as apprentice of Dr. Otto Becker and was able to visit picturesque spots in the historical city including the Heidelberg Castle and the ancient churches. In Leipzig, he attended lectures in the University of Leipzig and worked on with his mission of enlightening his Filipino brethren with inspiring stories by translating the story of the Swiss independence and some of Hans Christian Andersen’s Fairy Tales to Filipino. In Dresden, he met Dr. Adolph Meyer and was impressed for the first time of the spirituality of a Catholic Holy Mass In Berlin, Rizal was captivated by its scientific atmosphere and absence of racial discrimination. He wrote the Tagalog Metrical Art (Taglische Verkunst) and published Noli Me Tangere. In Leitmeritz, Bohemia, Rizal bonded with his close friend and professor, Ferdinand Blumentritt Czech Republic In Prague, he met Dr. Willkomm from the University of Prague who toured him to the city’s historic spots including the tomb of Copernicus and the National History Museum. Austria In Vienna, Rizal was met by a famous European novelist, Norfenfals, who toured him to the churches, art galleries, and other tourists spots in the city especially along the Danube Rivera. In Salzburg, Rizal enjoyed the baroque architecture of the old town. Bavaria Rizal went to Munich and enjoyed its famous beer, to Nuremberg to see its doll factory and Ulm to see the biggest cathedral in all of Germany. Switzerland Rizal saw Rhein falls, the largest plain waterfall in Europe and head towards other Swiss cities Basel, Bern, and Lausanne. Rizal was particularly fascinated with Geneva where the people speak French, German, and Italian. Italy Rizal toured the Italy’s famous cities namely Milan, Venice and Florence, known for their arts and culture. He also visited the Vatican in Rome and was particularly overwhelmed by St. Peter’s Church. Hong Kong Frustrated of the lack of progress of the reforms he was pushing through, Rizal went to this British colony and stayed in the house of Jose Maria Basa Macao Rizal stayed in the house of Juan Lecaroz and observed a botanical garden. Japan Rizal stayed in Grand Hotel in Tokyo and observed the discipline and customs of the Japanese people. US Rizal toured the US in 1888 which included San Francisco, California; Reno, Nevada; Ogden, Provo and Salt Lake City in Utah; Denver, Colorado, Farmington, Connecticut; Nebraska; Chicago, Illinois; and finally, Alabany in New York City. United Kingdom From New York City, Rizal went to Liverpool and then London, England as he started to conceptualize a continuation of his first novel. While contributing writings and essays calling for reforms in La Solidaridad, Rizal moved back and forth in England, France and Belgium during which he also wrote his second novel, El Filibusterismo. In June 1892, on board the ship Don Juan, he travelled back to the Philippines from Hong Kong, which culminated the travel story of Jose Rizal abroad. Philippines Back in the Philippines, Rizal’s travel destinations in the Philippines included a visit to Bulacan and Pampanga before he was finally exiled in Dapitan, in the province of Zamboanga del Norte. Rizal was brought back to Fort Santiago where he spent his last days until his execution.

Total quality management A Path to Sustainable Growth and Improvement

Total quality management A Path to Sustainable Growth and Improvement Executive Summary Starting and maintaining any business venture is a process that requires determination motivation and general know-how in regards to how to operate a business and ensure that it remains profitable despite the various challenges and risks that may be available in the business environment one wants to venture in. As such, there are several considerations that should be carried out to ensure that all details regarding the business are addressed and well planned for.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Total quality management: A Path to Sustainable Growth and Improvement specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The considerations include but are not limited to: the identification of the business opportunity, development of the product or service, evaluations of the suppliers, clients and business environment and market analysis among others. A recurrent and most important concept that must be considered i s the quality of the output produced by all processes within the business. Total quality ensures that the business survives the harshness of business environments, all the while guaranteeing profits from the venture. This report shall set out to explore Total Quality Management (TQM) as being among the core concepts used by business entities to safeguard their reputation, ensure effective and efficient delivery of quality products and services and manage businesses towards success. To this end, the principles of TQM shall be discussed and its relevance to human resource, client satisfaction and supplier management analyzed. By using relevant and credible sources, this report shall present a comprehensive and informative discussion on how TQM plays an integral role in facilitating business growth, promoting efficient human resource management, guaranteeing customer satisfaction and enhance strategic management in various aspects of the business. In short, this paper shall elaborate t he importance of TQM in today’s organizational management. Introduction Throughout their existence, organizations and businesses are considerably under a lot of pressured to raise their levels of performance and productivity. This is especially so in the modern-day business environment which is characterized by aggression and excessive competition. This constantly forces businesses to exhibit innovativeness and enhanced performance so as to remain relevant and profitable in the ever increasingly competitive arena. To achieve the organizational goal of increased productivity, the input of both the individual and groups in the organization remains invaluable. However, for these inputs to make a significant impact there must be a strong leadership and management to steer the individual and group effort in the right direction. This being the case, the development of leadership and management strategies is of great importance to any business entity. Exemplary leadership and manage ment alone cannot guarantee that a business will be successful in the long-run. Due consideration has to be given to quality management as well. It is from realization that Total Quality Management (TQM) was invented. TQM is an all-inclusive improvement concept that has in the last few decades, been adopted by many organizations in their journey towards increased market share, profitability and sustainable growth.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Considering the importance of this concept, business analysts and scholars have over the years developed various TQM principles and models to assist business leaders make the most out of their ventures. However, many businesses have failed to sustain TQM in their processes long enough to realize its full benefits. This paper shall therefore provide an informative discussion on TQM, its history, principles and appli cability in understanding business processes, interactions and growth. TQM: A Brief History Bagad defines TQM as a broad and continuous approach that businesses implement to ensure quality and performance improvement that guarantees customer satisfaction (4). According to the author, this guarantee is achieved by â€Å"integrating all quality-related functions and processes throughout the company (Bagad 12).† As regarding to its prominence, Bagad asserts that after the Second World War, the need to inspect the quality of goods and services availed to consumers became a common practice which led to the development of the Statistical Quality Control (SQC) theory which was formulated by Dr. Edwards Deming (Bagad 18). According to the theorist, the quality of products could only be ascertained by sampling random products produced from each batch. As such, this theory was based on the assumption that any manmade or technical error experienced in the production process would ultima tely lead to defects or other quality related issues to the end products. As such, the theorist believed that by eliminating the errors in the production process, the end product would certainly be of high quality. Testing the quality of manufactured goods was further necessitated by the fact that the Japanese manufacturing industry produced a lot of poor quality goods after the Second World War. As such, in the fifties, quality control became a major concern for most nations. Subsequently, in the 1970’s, the concept of total quality evolved. This was attributed to the fact that business organizations had acknowledged the value of quality control. As such, it was not only logical, but a strategic move to implement measures that included all employees in quality control processes. This notion was more efficient and covered a wide range of business activities towards the delivery of quality goods. TQM: Understanding the Concept As has been elaborated above, TQM is a management tool that facilitates leaders and managers to direct their organization into a successful future. It is a wide concept that requires commitment from both the management and organizational employees if it is to be successful.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Total quality management: A Path to Sustainable Growth and Improvement specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As such, it not only aims at managing and assuring that quality is maintained in all goods or services produced, but extends to the management of the people and processes used. This approach ensures that each internal and external production stage promotes full consumer satisfaction (Mukherjee 23). Notably, whenever leaders integrate TQM concepts in their businesses, their organizations do the right things correctly with little to no complications. Maguad asserts that TQM, like any other management strategy utilizes the people-process- system cycle (181 ). This is because TQM focuses on consumer-supplier quality relations. However, the efficiency of this relationship is influenced by the level of commitment to quality, communication (as regarding to how the quality message is transmitted) and culture. Culture in this context influences the relationship in the sense that organizations have deep rooted cultures. As such, if an organization is willing to change its culture such that it promotes improvement in quality, then the organization will have a good consumer-supplier interface. However, if the organization is reluctant to cultural change, the interface will not work as it is expected to in terms of providing total customer satisfaction. This paragraph can best be elaborated by this diagram below. A diagram elaborating the TQM interface in an organizational setting This diagram shows how different internal and external factors are interlinked to ensure that the quality of the product meets or exceeds the expectations of the con sumer. It should be noted that in each interface is made up of various processes. As such, they all affect each other and failure in one interface leads to the organizations inability to deliver quality goods and services. According to the Department of Trade and industry (DTI) website, quality in TQM refers to the ability of a product or service to fully satisfy a consumers needs or fully meet them as expected (2).Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As such, the author(s) reiterates that quality is measured in term of a product’s or service’s performance, appearance, availability, delivery, reliability, maintainability, cost effectiveness and price (DTI 2).† The author further suggests that an organization should always ensure that its products and services meet these requirements. The only way this can be ascertained is by conducting a market research (DTI 3). Empirical Research The rationale for the study and its methodology Prior to discussing the core tenets of TQM, we need to discuss the empirical survey that was aimed at examining customer’s perceptions of quality. This question is of great importance for modern companies since they need to understand which dimensions of quality are of the greatest value to clients. This information can help them to better develop products as well as services. The main objective of this survey was to determine what aspects affect the customer satisfaction and wh at factors affect their purchasing decisions. It should be noted that scholars distinguish different aspects of product quality, in particular, performance, functionality, reliability, serviceable life (Sower, 7). As far as service quality is concerned, researchers speak about such dimensions as reliability, responsiveness, and assurance (Kandampully, Mok Sparks, 54). In many cases, it is rather difficult to determine which of these dimensions of the greatest importance for customers. The survey that has been conducted relies on quantitative relied on quantitative research methods, namely on the structured interview. The respondents were asked a series of multiple-choice questions that prompted them to assess different aspects of product and service quality in terms of their importance[1]. The participants for the study were randomly selected and the sample was divided into two equal groups; male subjects and female subjects. The total sample size was 30; the participants were recr uited in near shops and supermarkets. Each of them was informed about the purposes of this survey. The participants were not required to name themselves or identify their income level and age. This information could made the findings more accurate, in this case, the respondents would have been more reluctant to take part in this survey. In total, this survey lasted for three days. Analysis of findings The responses of the participants indicate that customer perceptions and interpretations of quality are not universal. The most important quality dimensions of a product are performance and reliability, 17 respondents out of 30 identified make their purchasing decisions on the basis of these characteristics. Such attributes as serviceable life and design were of lesser priority to the priority. Yet, it should be mentioned that for female respondents design was of higher priority than for male subjects. Seven out 15 female subjects judged a product by its design. The second issue to be discussed is the quality dimensions of service companies. Judging from the responses of the participants, a large number of customers pay attention to reliability (10 respondents) and time-efficacy (12 respondents). However, one should not assume that politeness and responsiveness do not affect the clients’ decisions. Approximately 27 percent of customers (8 respondents) evaluate a service company according to the politeness of its workers. Additionally, the results of this survey suggest the manufacturing as well as service companies should involve customers into product development or assessment of performance. 83 percent of respondents (25 participants) agreed with this statement. It has to be admitted that this study has several important limitations. Perceptions of quality can be dependent on the income level of a respondent. For instance, customers, who are very sensitive about the price, may pay more attention to serviceable life of product. In contrast, customers, who are not price-sensitive, can attach more value to performance and design. During the survey, we could not ask the subjects about their income level since many of them might have refused to participate in the study. Hence, we do not know to what extent this variable affect people’s expectations and perceptions of quality. Those customers, whom we interviewed, attached more value to the quality of a product rather than its price (20 respondents out of thirty). The second limitation of the research is that the questions of this survey are not applicable to all kinds of products; they are more suitable for manufactured items. They may not be suitable for grocery goods or clothing. Thus, the researchers would have to ask different questions, if they want to focus on these particular goods. Implications and conclusions This survey can have several implications for business administrators and practitioners of total quality management. First of all, it shows that customers wish to b e more involved in the development of products and services. By acting in such a way, they will be able to strengthen their position in competitive environments. Most importantly, they will manage to enhance customer loyalty. This argument is quite consistent wit the core principles of TQM, since this approach focuses on customer satisfaction as the major objective of any company. Secondly, this research has shown which quality dimensions of products and services are of the highest priority for modern customers. By using customer surveys, the management can understand the expectations of their target audience and their needs. Principles of TQM A principle can be defined as the main belief of the founding concept that makes an action or reasoning valid. Like any other management strategy, Maguad reiterates that the most integral components of TQM are leadership and commitment (185). Leadership in this context refers to a process through which one person uses the help and support of o thers towards achieving a particular goal or task. As Maguad suggests, leaders are the people who are taxed with the role of marshalling the human resource in the organization for its growth and expansion (193). They do this by planning, organizing, leading and controlling the organizations activities and resources. Commitment is the level of loyalty, determination and motivation exhibited by members of an organization as they carryout their tasks. As mentioned earlier, various interfaces often work together to ensure that an organization produces quality products and services. Leadership is very important because a leader’s ability to delegate, make decisions, resolve conflicts and motivate employees determines whether an organization will be successful in its endeavors. On the other hand, commitment affects the performance and motivation levels exhibited by employees. If employees are committed, an organization is more likely to experience growth and increased profits becau se at the end of the day, an organization cannot function without the people factor. Considering these two core elements, it would be a worthwhile endeavor to shed some light on the basic principles of TQM. As may have been deduced throughout this research, TQM aims at promoting three main objectives: customer satisfaction, supplier satisfaction and continuous improvement of an organization’s processes. Customer satisfaction Customer satisfaction often refers to the ability of a product or service to fully satisfy the needs of the intended consumer. This should be the primary concern of any organization willing to survive the aggressive nature of today’s business environment. This is mainly because satisfied clients mean more sales, increased market share and unwavering consumer loyalty. These elements ensure that an organization makes profits which can be used to research for cheaper and better ways of production, expanding an organization’s market base and exp and the business. With these undertones, the question that is left wanting is; how does TQM ensure consumer satisfaction? Gilmore addresses this question by reiterating that TQM is an effective strategy that can be used to minimize variations in the production process thereby increasing the organization’s chance of producing quality products and services that meet (if not exceed) the needs and expectations of the consumers (207). The author further states that, in every organization there are various departments and offices that cater for different needs of the consumers. These factions make up quality chains which depend on each other to produce the final product or service. These quality chains stand at a risk of being broken due to human or technical errors. Such failures often sip through and multiply down the production process and may lead to failure of the organization to meet the requirements of the clients. As such, Kanji et al state that, TQM presents organizations with an opportunity to train their employees on different factors they should consider when handling tasks in the consumer-supplier interface (52). This in turn ensures that each employee has the necessary skills needed to achieve quality. Similarly, Gilmore argues that TQM focuses on identifying the potential areas that may cause problems and solve them before a product or service is made available to the market (208). Considering the definition of quality provided herein, we could argue that quality is consumer driven. This means that an organization must identify the needs of the clients and formulate the best means of meeting them satisfactorily. Gilmore states that a perfectly produced product or service is of no benefit to the organization if it fails to meet the needs of the client (207). As such, the author contends that TQM tools enable organizations to identify such needs by outlining market research methodologies and production processes that enhance accuracy and efficien cy in various consumer-supplier interfaces. In addition, Gilmore asserts that consumer preference and needs vary from one consumer to the other and from season to another (209). As such, the author contends that it is often difficult to determine what consumers need and expect from a product or service. However, the author states that TQM presents organizations with various tools and strategies which can be implemented to ensure that the products or services produced are always tuned to the needs and expectations of the target market. Some of the measures of TQM that can be used to address these changes include but are not limited to focus groups that concentrate on the needs of specified consumers, market surveys which gather information on current trends, competition and prices, and customer interviews which provide firsthand information on what consumers need and expect from a product or service. Such information enables organizations to implement processes that address these nee ds and expectations thereby guaranteeing consumer satisfaction (Gilmore 209). Supplier satisfaction A supplier is the person or organization that has consented to sell you various resources needed to produce your product. This principle of TQM requires organizations to form good relationships with their suppliers. Yong and Wilkinson states that TQM places great emphasis on an organization’s ability to satisfy its suppliers (250). The authors further contend that it is imperative that organizations provide their suppliers with clear and concise details on what they are supposed to supply and when they are supposed to supply. In addition, the authors suggest that the organization should make an effort to pay the suppliers in a fair and timely manner. In so doing, the supplier delivers quality goods and services which are then used by the organization to produce quality goods or services to its external consumers (Yong and Wilkinson 256). Failure to do so invariably leads to del ays in supply delivery, delivery of poor quality resources or even inconsistencies in deliveries. Such issues affect the quality of the products produced in terms of performance, availability, durability and reliability. These factors may cause consumers great dissatisfaction (Yong and Wilkinson 257). In addition, Maguad states that TQM also encourages organizational leaders and managers to motivate and boost the performance of their employees (internal suppliers) if quality is to be maintained (184). The author recommends that this can only be achieved if the people in charge provide the workers with clear and concise instructions, adequate working tools and equipments and favorable working conditions (Maguad 187). According to the TQM principle on supplier satisfaction, these factors combined with a fair reward and remuneration packages promotes commitment and motivation among the workforce, which leads to the efficient and timely execution of tasks within the organization (179). Additionally, such measures increase the productivity levels exhibited by employees, all the while enabling management to identify good employees as well as the issues that affect the performance of various employees. In summary, this principle of TQM indicates that, when an organization satisfies its suppliers (internal and external), the quality of the end product is more likely to satisfy the needs of the consumers as well as those of the organization. Continuous Improvement of the Organization’s Processes This is the third and equally important principle of TQM. According to Rahman, this principle is founded on the assumption that organizations must always improve their processes, strategies and methodologies if they are to keep up with the dynamic nature of the business environment (203). Rahman supports this assertion by contending that competition, technology and consumer preferences are improving and growing faster each day (201). As such, it is always wise for an org anization to improve its methods if it aims at staying ahead of the game. Similarly, this principle encourages managers and employees to work smart rather than doing hard work. According to Rahman some organizational leaders are under constant pressure to increase the organization’s productivity (206). As a result, such leaders try to improve the organization’s performance levels by coercing and forcing employees to work harder. According to the author, this only results to mishaps and poor performance because the workers are in most cases de-motivated and stressed (Rahman 208). These factors may cause them to loose focus and do shoddy jobs so as to finish the tasks on time. This in turn lowers the overall quality of the goods or services produced. Kanji et al state that this principle of TQM enables leaders to effectively find the source of the problem and device viable means of solving or avoiding them without necessarily pressuring the employees (50). In addition, t his principle also recommends leaders to encourage and allow constructive criticism and suggestions from employees. Considering that the employees are often at the forefront in production processes, they are best suited to provide information on how an organization can improve an organizational process. For example, Barad and Dror state that employees can offer valuable suggestions on whether a process is efficient or not. In addition, workers can suggest on whether a process should be improved or eliminated, and how such changes can best be implemented to avoid further complications (6630). Some of the process improvement strategies proposed by this principle include but are not limited to just-in time-production which reduces overproduction and production costs and variable reduction tools. These are examples of TQM strategies and tools that can be implemented to improve processes all the while reducing the amount of resources that is wasted. Similarly, Lynch and Keating II assert that the continuous improvement principle requires organizations to always find improve their productivity and growth by finding better means of carrying out business activities through learning, effective decision making processes and problem solving (353). TQM recommends the Plan-Do-Study-Act cycle (PDSA) as being among the most effective models to implement if continuous improvement of organizational processes is to be achieved. Below is a diagram elaborating the cycle. A diagram illustrating the PDSA cycle This cycle promotes quality in the sense that the management plans for what needs to be improved and makes decisions on how best such improvements can be implemented. The second step requires the implementation of the improvements that have been recommended. This simply means that the organization does what it has planed to do. Thirdly, after implementing/doing what was planned, the management and other concerned parties monitor how the improvements impact business processes. In this stage, information can be collected regarding the problems, effectiveness and further improvements (recommendations and suggestions) that need to be addressed. The information collected from the third stage is used to improve the strategy or process such that it remains without any flaws. Jjjhjhjh states that this model has proven to be of great importance in effective decision-making processes, problem solving and risk management in many organizations. TQM as a Strategy for Human Resource management Human resource management refers to the strategies and policies that an organization implements so as to plan, control, organize and lead its workforce towards attaining the set organizational goals and objectives (Lammermeyr 175). In most cases, organizational failure is attributed to poor human resource management. As such, having efficient HRM strategies is not only logical, but a prerequisite for successful and efficient execution of tasks by employees. TQM consists of a ra nge of tools that can be implemented by an organization’s human resource department to ensure that it plays a greater strategic role in an organization. Some of the tools include but are not limited to the following. Cause-and-effect diagrams According to Wallace and Stahl, if management is to effectively identify and rectify various problems that affect the quality of the products or services produced, all employees must have the necessary skills needed to handle such problems (37). The authors acknowledge that production of quality goods or services is an organizational concept. This means that each individual within the organization has a role to play in enhancing quality productions. As such, the authors state that the cause-and-effect diagram enables human resource managers to identify the problem, its causes and effects (Wallace and Stahl 37). After collecting this information, the managers can develop training programs which equip employees with the skills needed to ta ckle or avoid these potential problems in a timely and efficient manner. As such, these charts enable the human resource department to design policies that ensures that the workforce performs as expected and meets the client’s needs effectively. Flowcharts Flowcharts are schematic diagrams which indicate all the steps that should be followed in order to execute a process or operation efficiently (Wallace and Stahl 37). Wallace and Stahl state that flowcharts are a form of a visual tool that can be easily used and understood (38). By making these charts available at all operation sites, the human resource ensures that workers know what to do and how to address a problem if it arises. This is mainly due to the fact that flowcharts enable workers to develop clear mental images of how various tasks are supposed to be carried out. The provision of these charts enables human resource managers to promote quality productions because the flowcharts act as a point of reference to emplo yees who do not know what to do in various situations. Checklists Checklists are documents which contain a list of all known issues and the frequency of their occurrence. Wallace and Stahl state that these lists look simple at first glance but are quite effective when it comes to gathering information about the quality or defect of certain processes (38). Checklists may be used by human resource managers to identify and prioritize various potential issues that may affect the quality levels exhibited by an organization. Through this list, the human resource manager can make necessary changes, and decisions relating to which issue is most threatening and delegate qualified people to find a solution before things get out of hand. Customer Satisfaction Aspect of TQM As has been revealed within this research, TQM focuses on the strategies that can be implemented by organizations to ensure that they meet or exceed the consumer’s expectations and needs. TQM equips organizations with various tools and strategies that can be implemented to ensure that it meets the needs of its clients. To begin with, Kanji and Wallace reiterate that TQM requires organizations to do extensive research on its client’s needs and expectations. This can be done by establishing focus groups that gather information about the needs and expectations of a specific group of consumers (Kanji and Wallace 980). In addition, Kanji and Wallace assert that, TQM also enables organizations to collect more relevant information through consumer interviews, research on market trends and behaviors; and acts as a guide to which products or services an organization should produce (983). Similarly, TQM principles provide organizational employees with guidelines on the questions they should ask themselves and the clients in regards to the quality level they expect from a given product. Some of the questions incorporated within the TQM philosophy as regarding to customer satisfaction aim at finding out: who the customers are, their specific needs and specifications and methods of collecting this data (Lammermeyr 177). In addition, employees are able to evaluate whether they can meet such requirements and how they can measure their ability to satisfy those needs. On the same note, organizations are able to figure out whether or not, as well as their ability to monitor and continually meet the changing needs of their clients. In summary, TQM enables organizations to research, plan, implement, monitor and improve their processes such that they constantly and continually guarantee consumer satisfaction. TQM and sustained Organizational Growth Notably, TQM does not only focus on the quality of the products or services produced by an organization, but also, on the factors that affect the processes and people factor that work in a given organization. By using TQM tools and strategies such as the PDSA cycle, research methodologies, checklists and flowcharts among others, organizations are able to identify and meet the needs of their clients, pinpoint potential operational problems and defects that may affect the quality of the products or services produced and develop strategies to counter, mitigate or avoid them. In so doing, organizations implementing such strategies and tools enjoy a large market share, reduced cost of production, increased profits and a reliable consumer base. These are some of the core factors that ensure that an organization enjoys a sustainable growth regardless of the harsh situations presented by today’s business environments. In addition, TQM educates leaders and managers on the importance of various elements (consumers, suppliers, employee empowerment and organizational visions and cultures) that should be considered during the production of goods and services. By considering these elements, organizations are better placed to handle or avoid potential problems that may hinder the organizations from experiencing sustainable grow th. Similarly, TQM emphasizes on leadership, commitment, culture and communication as the key concepts that should be considered by organizations willing to succeed in their endeavors. If these concepts are efficiently implemented, they provide a recipe for organizational growth, competitive advantage, development and survival amidst changing business environment. Conclusion Managing the quality levels exhibited by an organization in terms of products, services and processes is seldom an easy undertaking and in many situations, businesses have failed in this regard due to lack of know-how by the business owners. As such, it is always important to ensure that the philosophy of TQM is implemented before an organization initiates a project, process or operation before pouring all its investments into it. On this note, this study has provided a detailed and informative guideline as to how business entities can apply TQM concepts in all their activities. Notably, most businesses aim at i ncreasing their profitability by either sales or profit maximization. These strategies may be effective in the short run but may fail to guarantee the organization its survival in trivial times. However, focusing all efforts towards meeting or exceeding the needs and expectations of the consumers ensures that the organization is on the first row in terms of sustainable growth, marketing and management strategies and supply of quality products and services. This research paper set out to explore the renowned philosophy of TQM. To this end, the evolutionary history and an overview of the same has been offered. In addition, the basic principles of TQM have been highlighted and discussed. Similarly, ways in which TQM addresses customer satisfaction, sustainable organizational growth and enhances human resource management as a tool for strategic management have also been addressed. As has been revealed herein, TQM has proven to be a cornerstone on which businesses can improve their perfo rmance and quality levels exhibited by their products and services. 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Asias Economic Potential and Most about China

Asian countries look forward for a more favourable economic future. It is seen that the output can expand at a rate of 2 per cent every year if individual crisis is not met. With the discoveries of new resource frontiers and further development of advanced technology in source of energy and method processing, Asia cannot improve unless output grows (Atighechian et al., 2016). Under the conscious and skilful leadership, economic can change through a purposeful domestic action. Potential growth is determined by the supply of the economy. It particularly depends upon the changes in the structure of the economy like industrial employment, working-age population, share of net exports, export growth, share of foreign investment, GDP and human capital accumulation (Gillam & Siriwardena, 2013). Political landscape in Asia is evolving constantly throughout centuries. The dynamics within the regions of Asia like Japan, China, India, Singapore, etc. has ranged from vibrant multi party democrats to repressive regimes. The potential explode is contrary effecting the proliferation of cooperative multilateral mechanism to introduce peace (Atighechian et al., 2016). Many historical influences and contemporary issues have transformed Asia’s critical importance for long term U.S interests. NBR works assesses to render the in-depth analysis for policymakers and other business communities. Since Asia is affected by colonialism and imperialism, the governors retain close links with the states (Gillam & Siriwardena, 2013). As seen, China and India, Russia and Japan or North Korea and South Korea are moving towards peace treaty and greater co-operation and communication within the region of Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). Economic progress is highly essential to sustain political vigour including the national independence (Pestle, Crowley & Weirauch, 2014). China has experienced moderate growth in 2015, at 6.5%and is now gradually projected to a medium average of 6.2 in the coming 2016-20. There is this growing recognition of opportunity cost relating to intensive economic integration (Atighechian et al., 2016). Since the global economic outlook is volatile, it faces downside risks aroused from rising oil prices, protectionism, re-alignments, and etc. Also the underutilized capacity in engineering and construction industries is met. An intensive cooperation to match this capacity could put the region on a high growth trajectory and help Asia re-emerge as a centre of gravity in the world economic category The glittering cities and bustling ports bear record of calling Asia the ‘Asian Miracle’. Despite of gains many Asian countries fall victim to economic stagnation, social unrest and confront to crucial challenges that creates an unsustainable path to prosperity. Such challenges are persistent poverty, widening corruption and growing ethnic and religious conflicts (Gillam & Siriwardena, 2013). China has reported to change in the existing law to a two child policy to help address aging issues. This law was passed as a standing committee for couples now allowing having two children. Again Bangladesh women face region’s social progress; remuneration and treatment of gender for social justice according to gender equality and labour market launched at ADB’s headquarter Manila, Philippines. Asia has clearly identified a better way to understand technology adoption trend mostly in key Asia-Pacific (APAC) markets. As a result it influenced the assessing and profiling ownership for key consumer technologies, also identifying the technological adoption barriers. It also quantified the consumer purchase adding to buying behaviour and establishing priorities from a technology point of scale (Atighechian et al., 2016). Singapore is looking forward to build a smart nation using the block chain technology thereby replacing the central registries. This will lead the way in making a trusted, tamper proof depository publishing to a common platform, regulators or other interested parties and find real time trade. Asia developing economics face serious environmental problems that threaten its future growth, food security and regional stability. Endangered species problem, air pollution, coral reefs destruction, deforestation, water security, and increased urbanization has posed like an act of pulling people out of poverty and at an expense of local environment (Gillam & Siriwardena, 2013). This is acute for Southeast Asian nations because of their economic mostly the tourism sector that depends on their natural resources.   With fast, relevant and trusted legal advice on Asia’s corporate counsel, the change of foreign investment laws and its effect has turned its attention to Asia legal markets. Asia has explored few issues over successful efforts. Few are: lack of transparency and accountability, access to justice and human rights. Japan and Turkey have seized the potential growth seeking international capital and cross-border investments within (Atighechian et al., 2016). As complex transaction with offshore connection, Asia is sees the growing demand for offshore legal services in the region. Anyway the Chinese businesses have embraced the neutrality, flexibility and structured in accessing the international capital and in financing and trading transactions. 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T. (2014). Quantifying inter-laboratory variability in stable isotope analysis of ancient skeletal remains.PloS one,  9(7), e102844. Visconti, R. M. (2016). Healthcare Public-Private Partnerships in Italy: Assessing Risk Sharing and Governance Issues with Pestle and Swot Analysis. Zalengera, C., Blanchard, R. E., Eames, P. C., Juma, A. M., Chitawo, M. L., & Gondwe, K. T. (2014). Overview of the Malawi energy situation and A Pestle analysis for sustainable development of renewable energy. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,  38, 335-347.